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This course focuses on tropical biomass management as a whole. Students will gain knowledge about the principles and practices of biomass management in tropical ecosystems, with a particular focus on Malaysia's rich biodiversity and biomass potential. Skills in observation and calculation techniques and emerging technologies in practical training. This course will cultivate students to appreciate types of biomasses, management strategies, conversion technologies, and policy frameworks that support sustainable tropical biomass production integrated in diverse environments.

This course exposes students to the knowledge of the characteristics of watersheds and river basins aimed at sustainable resource allocation and the process of creating and implementing plans, projects and programs to maintain and improve the functioning of watersheds and river basins. Watershed functions can affect plants, animals and human communities within the boundaries of the watershed. Students will be introduced to watershed processes such as physiography, climate, rainfall, hydrological cycle, hydrogeology, hydrogeomorphology, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, marshes, and water quality. Students will be exposed to the management of watersheds and river basins by learning how upstream activities and resources are managed wisely so that downstream remains clean and healthy. The course will also focus on integrated basin and watershed management including policy, monitoring and evaluation, research and training to link people, land and water.

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Welcome to FAE3093 HERBAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

This course discuss on the rules and regulations in the development of medicinal herbal products based on guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Things to deliver are agricultural practices and the collection of good herbal raw materials, herbal processing, herbal quality assessment methods, good manufacturing practices and pharmacological of medicinal herbs.

This course will discuss the management to overcome the problems arising from industrial waste which include solid waste, liquid waste and gas waste. The discussion will cover the type of wastes and its impact on the environment. In addition, the source of contamination will be determined and suitable method will be proposed to reduce the production of waste from the bioindustry process. The methods of treatment will be identified including physical, chemical and biological. For biological methods, the treatment methods of aerobic and anaerobic systems will be discussed.

This course will discuss the management to overcome the problems arising from industrial waste which include solid waste, liquid waste and gas waste. The discussion will cover the type of wastes and its impact on the environment. In addition, the source of contamination will be determined and suitable method will be proposed to reduce the production of waste from the bioindustry process. The methods of treatment will be identified including physical, chemical and biological. For biological method, the treatment methods of aerobic and anaerobic systems will be discussed.